In addition to delayed language acquisition, individuals with ASD may also show an impaired ability to understand phrases or comprehend single words ( Mitchell et al., 2006 Hudry et al., 2010). Changes in how sound is received in ASD can also manifest as atypical linguistic processing and comprehension. Behaviorally, individuals with ASD may also be hypersensitive to certain environmental noises, show a decreased tolerance of loud noises, and have a reduced ability to habituate to auditory stimuli ( Rosenhall et al., 1999 Khalfa et al., 2004 O’Connor, 2012 Lawson et al., 2015 Bidet-Caulet et al., 2017 Hudac et al., 2018 Ruiz-Martinez et al., 2020). Responses to auditory stimuli are especially impacted in ASD, with increased sensitivity to noise and difficulty filtering sound from background noise as cardinal features of ASD ( Jones et al., 2009 DePape et al., 2012). ![]() For reference, between 60 and 96% of people diagnosed with ASD report sensory sensitivities ( Schauder and Bennetto, 2016 Kuiper et al., 2019). People with ASD also experience altered sensory processing and show both hyper- and hypo-reactivity to sensory input ( Heaton et al., 2008 American Psychiatric Association, 2013 Kujala et al., 2013). In particular, we emphasize how differences in the degree of cortical activation and in temporal processing may contribute to errors in sound discrimination.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that is characterized by abnormalities in social communication, restricted behavior, and repetitive behavior. Our goal in this review is to provide a description of ASD-related changes to the auditory system and how those changes contribute to the impairments seen in sound discrimination, sound-in-noise performance, and language processing. Event-related potential tests have found that individuals with ASD show altered cortical activity to both simple and speech-like sounds, which likely contribute to the observed processing impairments. These sensitivities may contribute to impairments in language comprehension and to a worsened ability to distinguish relevant sounds from background noise. ![]() Altered sensory processing is typical in ASD, with auditory sensitivities being especially common in particular, people with ASD frequently show heightened sensitivity to environmental sounds and a poor ability to tolerate loud sounds.
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